Developmental Theories

Jean Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development

4 stages of Cognitive Development

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational 

To View :

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/jean-piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development.html#lesson

Lawrence Kholberg's stages of Moral Development

To view :

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/kohlbergs-stages-of-moral-development.html#lesson

Carol Gilligan theory of Moral Development

To view :

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/carol-gilligans-theory-of-moral-development.html#lesson

Erickson's 8 stages of Maturation

to view :

Freud's Psychosexual stages of Development

to view : 

Margret Mahler's Stages of Development

Margret Mahler

Refer :

 http://www.powershow.com/view1/d68fd-ZDc1Z/Development_of_Self_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

http://www.childdevelopmentmedia.com/margaret-mahler-and-the-separation-individuation-theory.html

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

to view :

Alfred Adler's birth order

to view :

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/birth-order-and-the-inferiority-complex-according-to-adler.html#lesson

Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development

Jane Loevinger

1. Pre-social/symbiotic : lack of recognition of difference between self and non self, mother becomes different from environment
2. Impulsive : difference between self and mother, fixation with sexul and aggressive drives, implosive and exploitative and dependent
3. Opportunistic: child tries to manipulate and control others, follows rules and moralities when it is conveniently advantageous to them
4. Conformist : child develops trust, becomes very self conscious of their appreance, how others see them and their personal possessions, rules are somewhat internalized
5. conscientious : child internalizes morality regulated by ethical imperatives, disobedience results in feelings of guilt, relationship with others are intense and accountable, internal feelings and success pre occupy their thoughts
6. Autonomous : constant thoughts about self identity and fulfillment, maintaining independence in relationships, learning to deal with and accept personal conflicts, differences with others and controlling impulses
7. Integrated : grandiose or unattainable ideas from childhood are replaced, appreciate individuality in personal relationships, reconciliation of conflicts, constant thoughts of attaining an integrated identity
8. Self protective (transition stage between stage 1 and 2)
9. Self aware :(transition stage between 4 and 5 )

refer : 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loevinger's_stages_of_ego_development

Robert Havinghurst theory of developmental task

Robert Havinghurst

Six stages of Developmental tasks

1. Infancy and early childhood (0-6) - learning to walk, take solid foods, talk, control elimination of body waste, sex differences and sexual modesty, achieving physiological stability and forming simple concepts of social and physical reality, learning to relate oneself to parent, sibling and other people, learning to distinguish between right and wrong and developing a conscience
2. Middle Childhood (age 6-12) - learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games, building wholesome attitude towards oneself as a growing organism, learning to get along with age mates, learning appropriate masculine and feminine social role, developing fundamental skills in reading writing and calculation, developing concepts necessary for everyday living, developing conscience, morality and a scale of values, achieving personal independence
3. Adolescence(12-18) - achieving new and more mature relations with age mates of both sexes, achieving a masculine or feminine social role, accepting one's physique and using the body effectively, achieving emotional independence of parents and other adults, achieving assurance of economic independence, selecting and preparing for an occupation, preparing for marriage and family life, developing intellectual skills and competence necessary for civic competence, desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior, acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior
4. Early Adulthood (18-30) - selecting a mate,learning to live with a partner, starting family , rearing children, managing home, getting started in occupation, taking on civic responsibility, finding a congenial social group
5. Middle Age (30-60) achieving adult civic and social responsibility, establishing and maintaining an economic standard of living, assisting teen age children to become responsible and happy adults, developing adult leisure time activities, relating oneself to one's spouse as a person, accepting and adjusting to physiological changes of middle age, adjusting to aging parents
6. Later Maturity (past 60) - adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health, adjustment to retirement and reduced income, adjusting to death of a spouse, establishing an explicit affiliation with one's age group, meeting social and civic obligations, establishing satisfactory physical living arrangements

to refer :
http://www.slideshare.net/teachingandmore882/robert-j-8202628

David levinnson's Life structure or Adult Development theory

to refer :

http://www.powershow.com/view1/171264-ZDc1Z/Social_and_Personality_Development_in_Middle_Adulthood_powerpoint_ppt_presentation

Noam CHomsky language development

Noam Chomsky

to view:

Benjamin Whorf linguistic relativity

Benjamin Lee Whorf

Along with Edward Sapir they claim that language shape the way people think. because of differing languages cultures vary in their understanding of the world. The link between language and thought is considered bi directional.

Reference ;

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCEQtwIwAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powershow.com%2Fview1%2F45550-ZDc1Z%2FAdult_Development_Theories_powerpoint_ppt_presentation&ei=eH_AU_6sC8mOyAT5j4CIDA&usg=AFQjCNFNh3d1qpad1hvfLuBHMiasdWfNDw&sig2=3F69HA4dpr_5AkqKCqd_zw&bvm=bv.70810081,d.aWw