Disorders of infancy, Childhood and adolescent

Differential Diagnosis

diagnosis in infancy childhood and adoloscents

 

• autism and aspergers, main difference : language development (autism starts prior age 3, lack of eye contact and socialization. in aspergers around age 3 there's problem with reading social cues where there talk a lot and many words, but no proper conversation)
• Retts and PDD (NOS)(Retts affects girls where there's normal development until 5 months, PDD-NOS just doesn mean full criteria for any diagnosis)
• Learning vs ADHD (ADHD is commonly misdiagnosed disorder. LDD is when a child who had to learn something, has problems with processing information, they are alright in everything until it comes to learning. whereas ADHD...symptoms had to start by age 7 with significant impairment in attention, symptoms of  impulsive and hyperactivity,  ADHD kids have significant social impairment
• Pics Vs Rumination. (pica is a persistent eating of non nutritive substances, rumination involves food too, however the children regurgitate and eat things again (both timeline 1 month)
• expressive language disorder and phonological disorder (ELD shows limited speech and vocabulary generating sentences, phonological disorder is to do with sounds who needs attention of speech therapist)
• touretts and transient tic disorder : the major difference in timeline. in touretts we see motor tics and vocal tics, for touretts the symptoms should be present for a year, anything less 12 months and more than 4 weeks falls under transient tic disorder. 
• encopresis and eneuresis : the former is problem with pooping, at least 4 year old, latter is when there is repeated voiding of urine, with age at least 5 . 
• Separation anxiety vs generalized anxiety disorder : SA is a developmentally inappropriate anxiety focused on separation from primary care giver, involving separation. timeline : 4 weeks. while GAD the anxiety is diffused. not about just the care giver. just about anything. the timeline is 6 months for diagnosis. if its under 6 months its anxiety NOS
• Selective mutism vs social phobia : the former one is distinct in terms of persistent refusal to speak in particular situation. whereas the child is normal in other circumstances. the later one is about the fear of anxiety about being in social situations. they have no problem in speech pattern but just the social context.
• reactive disorder inhibited type vs reactive disorder dis-inhibited type : by age 5 due to pathological care, unstable care setting, abuse. the former is a child who fails to initiate or respond to social interaction and avoid social contact. dis-inhibited type is where the kid gets attached to anyone. 
• Oppositional defiant vs conduct disorder : ODD is about negative defiant attitude towards authorities. just argue...they just have problem with authority. Conduct disorder is a violation of rights of others and coming in conflict with law like stealing, purposely hurt animals and others, vandalism etc.